SQL(Structured Query Language)

Course Objectives

Learn SQL (Structured Query Language) and master database management concepts through real-world examples and exercises. This course will cover the following objectives:

• Build and manage databases using Data Definition Language (DDL), Data Manipulation Language (DML), Data Query Language (DQL), Data Control Language (DCL), and Transaction Control Language (TCL) statements.

• Perform CRUD operations (Create, Read, Update, Delete) effectively.

• Execute advanced operations such as CTAS (Create Table As SELECT).

• Master SQL operators and functions for optimized query execution.

• Work with database objects, constraints, and indexes for advanced functionality.

Pre-requisites / Target Audience

This course is designed for beginners and experienced individuals who aspire to build a career in Information Technology. Basic knowledge of the Windows/Linux operating system is recommended.

Relevant Disciplines for SQL

• Information Technology (IT): Database management and IT systems.

• Computer Science (CS): Database management and data structures.

• Data Science: Foundational skills for data analysis and handling big data.

• Mathematics: Organizing and analyzing data.

• Business and Management: Data-driven decision-making and reporting.

• Economics and Finance: Financial data management, reporting, and risk analysis.

• Statistics: Collecting and processing large data sets.

Course Modules

Module 1: Introduction to Basic SQL Database Concepts

• What is Data

• What is a Database

• What is DBMS

• What is RDBMS

• What is SQL?

• SQL Data Types

• SQL Operators

• Understanding Client and Server Architecture

• Installation of Database on Linux Platform

Module 2: E-R Modeling and Diagram

• Identifying Entities and Relationships

• Drawing E-R Diagrams

• Converting E-R Diagrams into Tables

Module 3: Normalization

• First Normal Form (1NF)

• Second Normal Form (2NF)

• Third Normal Form (3NF)

• Practical Normalization of Tables

Module 4: Introduction to SQL

• Basics of SQL and Statement Types

• DDL, DML, DQL, DCL, and TCL Statements

• Detailed Overview of SQL Data Types

  • Character Datatypes (CHAR, VARCHAR2, etc.)

  • Numeric Datatypes (NUMBER, Floating-Point Numbers)

  • DATE Datatypes (Julian Dates, Time Zones, etc.)

  • LOB Datatypes (BLOB, CLOB, NCLOB, etc.)

• Database Objects: Tables, Views, Sequences, Indexes, Synonyms

Module 5: DDL and DML Statements

• Using DDL Statements for Table Operations (CREATE, DROP, ALTER, etc.)

• Performing Insert, Update, and Delete Operations

• Understanding the Differences Between DROP, DELETE, and TRUNCATE

Module 6: Working with Queries (DQL)

• SELECT Statements (Projection & Selection)

• Using Keywords: DISTINCT, NULL, Alias, etc.

• Operators: AND, OR, LIKE, UNION, BETWEEN, etc.

• Clauses: WHERE, WITH, HAVING, ORDER BY, GROUP BY, LIMIT

• Single Row Functions (Date, String, Numeric, Statistical, JSON, Conversion)

• Sorting Data with ORDER BY

• Basic Subqueries

Module 7: Aggregate Functions

• Group Functions: COUNT, SUM, MIN, MAX, AVG

• GROUP BY and HAVING Clauses

• Using GROUP BY with Operators

Module 8: Joins and Set Operations

• Introduction to Joins: Cross, Inner, Outer, Self Joins

• Types of Joins: LEFT, RIGHT, FULL, etc.

Module 9: Working with Constraints

• Types of Constraints: NOT NULL, UNIQUE, Primary Key, Foreign Key, CHECK, DEFAULT

Module 10: Working with Indexes

• Types of Indexes: Unique, Clustered, Non-Clustered

• Creating, Dropping, and Viewing Indexes

Module 11: Miscellaneous SQL Operations

• Column Heading Defaults

• Operator Precedence

• Defining Column Aliases

• Eliminating Duplicate Rows

• Using Subqueries in INSERT and UPDATE Statements

Module 12: Industry-Related Projects

• 20+ Live Scenario-Based Questions

• 50+ Assignment Questions

Learning Outcomes

By completing this course, participants will:

• Understand and apply SQL concepts for database management.

• Develop optimized queries for data retrieval and manipulation.

• Work with advanced database objects and constraints.

• Gain hands-on experience through practical assignments and live projects.

Tools and Resources

• Tools: SQL Server, Oracle Database, MySQL, PostgreSQL

• Resources: Training scripts, guides, and industry-standard datasets

Assessment and Certification

• Assessments: Periodic quizzes, assignments, and project work.

• Certification: A certificate will be awarded upon successful completion of the course and final project.